International Journal of  Biological Technology
ISSN: 0976-4313 Print
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INDIA
GTRP- BIOJOURNALS
PEER - REVIEWED JOURNAL

Abstract

Samples of normal and galled leaves of 5 selected medicinal plant species such as Acacia ferruginea, Achyranthus aspera, Cinnamomum sp, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Terminalia arjuna were collected from the forest area in Kolli Hills, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu. Ethanol extracts of normal and galled leaves of the above five medicinal plant species were prepared separately. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts of normal and galled leaves against two bacterial strains namely Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were tested by disc diffusion method. Based on the observed results on the inhibition zone against E. coli and B. subtilis for the extracts of normal and galled leaves, it is concluded that the antimicrobial activity of the medicinal plant appears to be enhanced by the gall formation and the effects of the active principles in the gall forming organisms could be the possible reason for the enhanced antimicrobial activity observed in the galled leaf extracts.

 

Keywords: Five medicinal plants, galled leaves, antimicrobial activity, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis

Abstract

Growth of Chironomus larvae and emergence of fly was studied providing dry cow dung, dry vegetable waste powder as nutrient sources. Larvae provided with (1.5 g) cow dung in the extract completed their development in 14 days those reared on sources in 10 lt of water, followed by vegetable matter (1.5 g). The best survival and weight gain of 93.4 % and .586 g respectively was also observed in the culture medium containing 1.5 g cow dung extract. The larval period and the emergence of fly were prolonged in the other nutrient media. Larvae reared in cow dung medium showed the best result.

 

Key words: Chironomus, growth, nutrient sources

Standardization of protocol for explant preparation and plant regeneration from apical bud and nodal explants of Anthocephalus cadamba

M. Kavitha, Rahul R. Nair, S. Thilaga and D. Ganesh

Emergence of Midge flies larvae in organic culture media under laboratory condition

D. Kumar and U. Ramesh

Physicochemical Characteristics of Coastal Waters of Mangalore – Premonsoon Scenario

V.Yoganandan, P.Senthilkumar and  H.Gangadhara Bhat

Litter Fall Dynamics in Azhagar Hills of the Eastern Ghats, Tamilnadu, India

P. Palaniappan, S. Natarajan,.  and C. Pitchairamu

A Comparative study on the Antimicrobial Activity of normal and galled Leaves of five Medicinal Plants

R. Ashokkumara, G. Perumala and M. Ramaswamy

 

Volume No. 3(2)                                                                                                  September,2012

Table and Contents
Abstract
This work has been chosen to make an effort to increase the content of asiaticoside, one of the principal constituents of Centella asiatica a weakly aromatic smelling plant utilized as a medicine in India since time immemorial for various ailments, through callus culture, using different hormone combinations than the ones already reported. Static cultures of C. asiatica were established from different explants [leaves and stem tips]. Media and growth hormone concentration was optimised for the cultures obtained from the different explants which were taken for the initiation of callus culture in equal batches. A maximum growth was observed in 12 week old callus culture derived from leaves supplemented with NAA [1.0 mg/L], Kinetin [0.5mg/L]. Out of all the combinations 12-week-old callus cultures developed on medium supplemented with NAA [1.0 mg/L], Kinetin [0.5 mg/L] was found to show maximum yield of asiaticoside in comparison to callus cultures grown on medium supplemented with other hormonal combinations.
Key words: Centella asiatica, NAA, Kinetin, callus, HPTLC, asiaticoside

Abstract

Experiment was carried out for disinfection of apical bud and nodal explants of mature tree of Anthocephalus cadamba. Two commonly used disinfectants such as NaOCl (1%) and HgCl2 (0.1%) was tested for different duration ranging from 1 – 10 min and disinfection of apical bud and nodal explants with HgCl2 for three min was more effective due to higher recovery of explants for initiation of aseptic cultures. Though NaOCl was effective with increase in duration of treatment, loss of explants due to browning followed by leaching of chlorophyll was observed in actively grown apical buds and nodal segments. The present experiment revealed that HgCl2 was more potent for effective disinfection of apical bud and nodal explants. Experiments conducted with six different antibiotics such as streptocycline, erythromycin, norfloxacin, chloromphenicol, oxytetracycline and rifampicin for control of bacterial contamination revealed promising results. Incidence of bacterial contamination was varying depending upon the type of antibiotics used. All the six antibiotics were found to be effective at their higher concentration above 75 mg/l. Of the six antibiotics tested, streptocycline, erythromycin, chloromphenicol and oxytetracycline were found more effective than norfloxacin and rifampicin. Shoots cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of antibiotics along with BAP (1 mg/l) had produced healthy shoots without phytotoxic effects and those shoots were converted into complete plantlets by treating the basal end of the microshoots under IBA (5000 ppm) followed by planting of shoots under the controlled condition.

 

Key words: Plant regeneration, microbial contamination, micropropagation, ex vitro rooting.

Abstract
The premonsoon levels of temperature, salinity and nutrients (nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate) were investigated in twenty-one coastal surface water samples of Mangalore to know their recent nutrient status. Analytical ranges of temperature (29-32°C) and salinity (35.34-38.00) were within the range of previous investigations and correlated well with high solar insolation and associated evaporation during summer period. Lower concentrations of nitrite (0.375-0.907 µg-at/l) and silicate (3.734-12.941 µg-at/l) were attributed to reduced river (Netravati-Gurpur) discharge as well as biological activities. When compared to previous decade, slightly higher levels of nitrate (1.623-4.178 µg-at/l) and phosphate (0.538-7.971 µg-at/l) obtained here suggest additional anthropogenic (industrial and urban effluents) input into the coastal waters of Mangalore.
 
 Key words: Nutrients, River input, Anthropogenic sources, Coastal waters, West Coast of India
Abstract
Litter production of tree species were studied in the six different sites in the Semi evergreen forest at Azhagar hills in the Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu India. Mean annual Litter fall in the study sites ranged from 29.86 to 46.32 g/m2 year-1. A greater amount of annual litter production was observed in the sites V and VI when compared to sites III, IV, II and I. This variation in Litter fall pattern among the sites could be attributed to species composition. Monthly variation in Litter fall pattern showed two peaks, one in the dry season (January-April) and another in (June - September). Contribution of leaf to the total litter was significantly (P<0.01) greater when compared to other components (twig, miscellaneous and fruit parts). On the basis of the species composition and disturbances, the six 0.1ha different study sites were selected. Sites I Foot hills and II Pazhamuthircholai were disturbed, sites III Silambar valley and IV Bison valley were moderately disturbed and sites V, Periaaruvi valley and VI Thalayanai parai were undisturbed sites. The dominant tree species in site I was Benkara malabarica follwed by Cassia excelsa, Wrightia tinctoria, Diospyros montana and Holoptelea integrifolia, in site II Benkara malabarica followed by Alangium salvifolium ,Wrightia tinctoria and Holoptelea integrifolia, in site III Benkara malabarica followed by commipora cordata, Wrightia tinctoria, Gyrocarpus americana, Alangium salvifolium, Strychnos-nux vomica and Lepisanthus tetraphylla, in site IV Ficus retusa followed, by Benkara malabarica, Alangium salvifolium, Strychnos-nux vomica, Haldenia cordifolia, Lepisanthus tetraphylla, Pleiospermium alatum, Holoptelea integrifolia, in site V Bekara malabarica contributed more litter followed by Ficus retusa, Wrightia tinctoria, Commipora cordata, Lapisanthus tetraphylla, Gyrocarpus americana, Mimusops elengi , Strychnos-nux vomica, Diospyros montana and in site VI Benkara malabarica produced more litter followed by Gyrocarpus americana, Commipora cordata, Wrightia tinctoria,Holoptelea integrifolia, Strychous- nux-vomica, Alangium salvifolium, Strychnos potatorum, Menecylon heyneanum,Suregada angustifolia and Diospyros montana.
 
Key words: Litter fall, semi evergreen forest, Eastern Ghats, Nutrient, Azhagar Hills.