Biomanagement of seafood processing plants sludge

C.Ravikumar, Baskaran Manimaran and Rubell

Phylogenetic Relationship of Wild and Cultivated Oryza species using SSR Markers

Hemlata Kumari Das, Ashutosh Singh and Sumit Kumar Datti

Toxicity effect of copper oxychloride on an Aquatic fern, Azolla pinnata R. Br.

R. Santhi

Volume   No.4(3)                                                                  December,2013

Abstract : This paper discuss the fruiting phenology of trees in two shola forests, Longwood (11°43′ N and 076° 87′ E) and Eppanadu (11°29′ N and 076°47′ E) in the Nilgiri hills, Western Ghats, India. A total of 210 individuals belonging to 21 species of 17 families in the Longwood shola and 220 individuals belonging to 22 species in 15 families in Eppanadu shola were tagged and observed for fruiting phenology. Trees showed seasonality in fruiting with a peak during south-west monsoon and a trough in North-east monsoon. Highest fruiting activity was noticed in June and lowest in October during both the years of study. Fruiting behavior of different species varied considerably; while some were highly seasonal, others had staggered fruiting.

Keywords: Fruiting phenology, Nilgiri hills,Western Ghats, India

Abstract : In this study, the toxic effects of a heavy metal containing fungicide, copper oxychloride, on the water fern, Azolla pinnata was assessed in the laboratory condition. Azolla, an aquatic macrophyte is an ideal biofertilizers for agriculture and also used as feed for livestock, bioremediation of waste water and reclamation of saline soils. Toxicity test was employed using six different concentrations (0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09, 0.12 and 0.15 mg/l) along with the control, for an observation period of 7 days. To verify water fern tolerance to copper oxychloride, the effects on morphological changes, number of plants produced and growth appearance were recorded daily. During 7 days of exposure, A. pinnata can survive with fungicide concentration of 0.03 mg/l, but all the macrophytes died in 0.15 mg/l concentration at the end of 7 days of exposure. The results clearly showed that the copper oxychloride at higher concentrations and longer exposure cause phyto toxicity in the water fern, A. pinnata.

Keywords: Azolla pinnata, Heavy metals, toxicity, copper oxychloride, tolerance, metal pollution

Citation: Santhi,R.2013.Toxicity effect of copper oxychloride on an Aquatic fern, Azolla pinnata R.Br. Int.J.Biol. Tech.,4(3): 9-13

Abstract : Wild plants are important as they are treasure of resistant genes against different types of hurdle stress such as salt tolerance, pest tolerance, flood tolerance, drought tolerance and others. These bio-resources as wild Oryza species has been disappearing by different calamities at alarming rate. Therefore an attempt was made to investigate the molecular genetic diversity of wild and cultivated Oryza species. 41 microsatellite molecular markers were used to explore the phylogenetic relationships among closely related wild Oryza species, elite cultivars and landraces of the genus Oryza. The results of SSR analysis, optimization of primers, banding patterns, amplifications, SSR (simple sequence repeat) derived Dendrogram analysis, Jaccard’s similarity co-efficient and principal co-ordinate analysis were assessed. 13 species of Oryza were taken for the assessment of genetic diversity using SSR markers. 41 SSR primers produced a total 209 bands. 70.03 % was polymorphic in nature and 22.09 % was unique. RM24260 produced maximum number of 11 bands. Resolving power was 0.0672 to 5.733, maximum SSR primer index was 0.500 and maximum PIC (polymorphic information content) value was 0.999. Study highlights the relative genetic diversity of Oryza species. It indicates the importance of SSR markers as molecular tools in the assessment of genetic diversity of plant species for conservation. It was validated that the SSR markers used in this investigation were quite efficient to assess the phylogenetic diversity among Oryza species.

Keywords: Oryza species, SSR Markers, Phylogenetic Relation