Bio-insecticide effect of the extracts of Urtica dioïca and Dryopteris filix-mas on Aphis  fabae (Homoptera: Aphididae)

K. Benoufella-Kitous,  S. Doumandji , H. Fellag, T. Hance

MS No.ijbt150814102 

Immunostimulatory effect of Indigofera aspalathoids extract supplimented with basal diets on Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) against Vibrio harveyi

G. Raju, M. Maridass and N. Subash

MS No.ijbt150814101      

Evaluation of morphological diversity among some Persian walnut accessions (Juglans regia L.) in Guilan, northern Iran

Ebrahim Alinia Ahandani,  Hadi Darzi  Ramandi,  Jannat Sarmad,  Majid Asadi samani, Alimohammad yavari, Reza Alinia Ahandani

MS No.ijbt150814103      

 Volume   No.5(2)                               August,2014

Abstract :

The aim of the present study, disease challenge, immunostimulatory activity and growth performance of Indigofera aspalathoides extract was supplemented with basal diet fed with freshwater prawns of Macrobrachium rosenbergii observed for 28 days in laboratory conditions. The disease challenge study was examined for 0.01ml bacterial suspension of Vibrio harveyi was injected with intramuscularly in M. rosenbergii, after treatment of different concentration of I. aspalathoides extract supplemented with basal diets. The survival rate, growth rate, bacterial clearance, hematological parameters and histopathology were observed in the treatment and control diets. The results of growth performance revealed that dietary supplementations of I. aspalathoides fed with M. rosenbergii were observed the significant growth rate (mg/week) and survival rate (%) respectively. No survived on M. rosenbergii was observed in Vibrio harveyi infected prawns fed for control diets and 100% of survived on basal diets supplemented with all concentration of I. aspalathoides extracts. The immunostimulant responses of increasing level of total haemocytes count (THC) and differential haemocytes (DHC) on M. rosenbergii was observed in the experimental diets significantly compared to than the control diets. The observation of histopathological analysis of M. rosenbergii revealed that large compact ducts and blind ending tubules of hepatopancreas of M. rosenbergii fed on all experimental diets supplemented with extract on I. aspalathoides. Conclusions of results indicate that 4% of aspalathoides extract I. incorporated with basal diets was important role in the enhancing growth of juvenile of M. rosenbergii.

 Keywords: Indigofera aspalathoides; Vibrio harveyi, Macrobrachium rosenbergii; freshwater; haemocytes; total haemocytes; immunostimulatory activity

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Abstract :

The evaluation of the nettle (Urtica dioïca) and the fern’s (Dryopteris filix-mas) extracts’ effectiveness on the black louse of the broad bean (Aphis fabae), shows that these extracts applied with a high dose (5 ml of extract/ 5ml of distilled water), present a toxic effect : 73.8% mortality with the nettle’s extract and 75.1% with the fern’s extract. It also emerges that the insecticide activity of these plants acts on long term. Finally, the comparison between the results obtained with the aqueous extracts and the results noted with application of the Mospilan 20sp, a chemical pesticide, are not very different.

Keywords: bioinsecticide effect, nettle, fern, Aphis fabae, dose

Abstract :

In this study, the genetic relatedness of 15 walnut accessions adapted to the Lahijan region of Guilan province, Iran was analyzed by morphological characters. The traits like growth habit, leafing date, content of male flower, nut yield, nut weight, kernel weight, kernel percent, hard shell thickness, nut length, and nut thickness. The coefficient of genetic diversity obtained for nut yield was high, indicating high diversity of the samples under study for this trait. The association and correlation between the traits in most cases were significant at α=0.01 and α=0.05. Simple correlation analysis showed that nut yield had significant and positive correlation with weight of the nut, the weight and the length of the kernel and the thickness of hard shell (r= 0.762, 0.758, 0.558, respectively). Also, the association between nut yield and hard shell thickness was negative and significant (r=-0.741). Genetic diversity was assessed between and within accessions using statistical analyses including coefficients of variation (CV), principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The results obtained from cluster analysis placed the accessions in three separate groups. Principal component analysis indicated that the first and second components explained 69.6% of all variance. This grouping was completely consistent with cluster analysis. In addition, the results indicated high diversity based on the morphologic indices, which requires greater, closer attention to the region’s native walnuts for subsequent breeding programmes.

Keywords: Juglans regia, walnut, morphological characteristics, PCA and HCA.