Abstract:  Fond diversity is a considered as major hotspots of plant diversity in village and rural areas. Fond diversity of aquatic plants, mainly grasses and sedges were used as a major  feed for  domestic animals of coats and cows.  The aim of the present study was the exploration plant diversity of Rajagopalapuram, Tirunelveli District, Tamil nadu. The results of the present study, study area of pond of Rajagopalaperi thoroughly investigated in the plant diversity of  total of 56 plant species identified and  belonging to 29 families was recorded. Among these, single pteridophytic species of Marsilea quadrifolia L. was identified.  Keywords: Floral Diversity, Pond, Rajagopalapuram, Tirunelveli,Tamilnadu

Abstract Isolate JMBL-10 of Oomycete was taken from soil samples in the residential campus of DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. The oomycete grows well on hemp seed halves as well as on solid media like PCA, CMA and PDA producing a chrysanthemum  pattern.  It also grows luxuriantly on hemp seed halves in water. The daily growth rate of this oomycete on PCA at 25 °C was 35 mm. On hemp seed halves in water, the oomycete produces whitish colonies. The oomycete JMBL-10 does not produce zoospores nor sporangia. However, it produces hyphal bodies of different dimensions. These hyphal bodies germinate by producing germ tubes to give rise to new mycelium. The oomycete JMBL-10 produces male gametangia (antheridia) and female (oogonia) gametangia plentifully in water on hemp seeds and on solid media. The antheridia are usually monoclines, 1 to 3 per oogonium At times the antheridia are sessile. The female gametangia are smooth walled, mostly terminal, at times intercalary, globose, measuring between 17 to 22 µm in diameter (average 18 µm). A fertilization tube is developed between the antheridia and oogonia and after fertilization the antheridia quickly disappear. At times the remains of the antheridial cell was visible even after fertilization and the formation of zygote (oospore which are mostlyaplerotic).  These morphological characteristics of our isolate JMBL-10 comes very close to Pythium ultimum Trow. which war a highly parasitic oomycete. The amplified product of PCR amplicons with COX II primers were subjected to BLASTn. By this, the amplified products (Query sequences) shown 94% identity with the Pythium species. The BLAST analysis shows 94% identity with the maximum score of 861 with 97% Query coverage for the species Pythium ultimum KJ639192.1. The T-COFFEE algorithm alignment showed very good score of 99%. This region showed 97% consensus region with Pythium ultimum therefore, the fungal isolate belongs to the Pythium spp. The strong homology revealed the isolate was Pythium ultimum. The amplified COX II of our isolate JMBL-10 was also subjected to MSA through CLCbio Main Workbench while constructing the phylogenetic tree by NEJ method our isolate has showed close relation with Pythium ultimum KJ639199.1 and Pythium ultimum KJ639196.1 that are aligned followed by Pythium ultimum AF196641.1, Pythium ultimum KJ639175.1 and Pythium ultimum KJ639192.1. The results of phylogenetic analysis using COXII indicated our isolate JMBL-10 is Pythium ultimum which is close to Pythium ultimum KJ639199.1 and Pythium ultimum KJ639196.1, than Pythium ultimum AF196641.1, Pythium ultimum KJ639175.1 and Pythium ultimum KJ639192.1 Keywords: Pythium; morphology; taxonomy; DNA barcoding; phylogeny; India 

A recently described freshwater fish belongs to the family Cyprinidae (Order: Cypriniformes) from a biodiversity hotspot, the Western Ghats of peninsular India was collected after 12 years from the same river basin. This species, Hypselobarbus keralaensis [15] belongs to the genus Hypselobarbus endemic to Western Ghats streams and rivers. Earlier it was designated as H.kurali.  Ecomorphological characters used for locomotion and feeding were compared between the same species after a gap of 12 years. Based on the morphological data it can be predicted that the population has the adaptive ability due to climate change. Data were from the specimens from Manonmaniam Sundaranar University Museum of Natural History (MSUMNH) and also from Collections of M. Arunachalam (CMA).